术语表

ABR

Adaptive Bitrate Streaming

A streaming technique that dynamically adjusts video quality based on the viewer's network conditions.

AV1

AOMedia Video 1

A royalty-free video codec offering 30-50% better compression than H.265, developed by the Alliance for Open Media.

B-Frame

Bidirectional Predicted Frame

A video frame that references both preceding and following frames for highly efficient compression.

CBR

Constant Bitrate

A video encoding mode maintaining a fixed data rate throughout, providing predictable file sizes and bandwidth usage.

Container Format

容器格式（多媒体包装器）

充当包装器的文件格式，将一个或多个视频、音频、字幕和元数据流一起容纳在单个文件中，管理同步和元数据。

CRF

CRF（恒定质量因子）

一种基于质量的视频编码设置，通过自动调整比特率来保持整个视频的一致视觉质量。CRF在质量恒定的前提下提供最佳的文件大小效率。

H.265

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)

A video codec offering ~50% better compression than H.264 at equivalent quality, used for 4K/8K content.

HDR10

High Dynamic Range 10

An open HDR standard using static metadata, 10-bit color depth, and Rec. 2020 color space for brighter displays.

Frame Rate

帧率（每秒帧数）

视频中每秒显示的单独静止图像（帧）数量，决定运动的流畅度和自然感。帧率选择涉及视觉流畅度、文件大小和处理需求之间的平衡。

Transcoding

转码（格式重编码）

通过完全解码原始数据并使用不同编解码器或设置重新编码来将视频或音频文件从一种编解码器或格式转换为另一种的过程。

Keyframe

关键帧（帧内编码帧）

视频中完整的、自包含的帧，存储完整的图像数据，无需参考其他帧即可独立显示。关键帧是视频搜索、编辑和流媒体的基准。

Interlacing

隔行扫描（基于场的视频）

一种传统的视频扫描技术，将每帧显示为两个交错场（先显示奇数行，再显示偶数行），设计用于减少CRT电视上的闪烁。隔行扫描现在已基本被逐行扫描取代。

Subtitle

字幕（文本叠加轨道）

显示在视频上方的定时文本，提供对话、旁白或描述性字幕，可以嵌入容器中（软字幕）或永久烧录到视频帧中（硬字幕）。

Trimming

修剪（视频片段提取）

从视频中选择特定时间范围并仅提取或保留该段的操作。修剪允许用户通过移除不需要的部分来缩短视频。

Muxing

复用（流多路复用）

将独立的视频、音频、字幕和元数据流组合到单个容器文件中的过程。逆操作（解复用）将容器拆分回各个独立的流。

GOP

Group of Pictures

A sequence of video frames starting with a keyframe, defining the compression structure between keyframes.

Deinterlacing

Video Deinterlacing

The process of converting interlaced video into progressive frames for smooth display on modern screens.

Chroma Key

Chroma Key Compositing

A technique replacing a solid-color background (green screen) with another image or video.

Two-Pass Encoding

Two-Pass Video Encoding

A video encoding method that analyzes the video in a first pass to optimize bitrate allocation in the second.

Color Grading

Video Color Grading

The process of altering the color and tone of video footage to achieve a desired visual mood or style.

Stabilization

Video Stabilization

A technique that reduces unwanted camera shake and motion in recorded video footage.

Bitrate (Video)

Video Bitrate

The amount of video data processed per second, directly affecting quality and file size of the output.

Dolby Vision

Dolby Vision HDR

A proprietary HDR format using dynamic metadata to optimize brightness and color on a scene-by-scene basis.

I-Frame

Intra-coded Frame

A self-contained video frame that does not reference other frames, serving as a random access point in the stream.

P-Frame

Predicted Frame

A video frame encoded as differences from the previous reference frame, providing moderate compression.

HLG

Hybrid Log-Gamma

An HDR standard that is backward-compatible with SDR displays, developed by BBC and NHK for broadcast use.

Rec. 709

ITU-R BT.709 Color Space

The standard color space for HD video, defining the color primaries and transfer function used by most displays.

VFR

Variable Frame Rate

A recording mode where the frame rate changes during capture, common in screen recordings and mobile video.

CFR

Constant Frame Rate

A video encoding where frames are evenly spaced at a fixed interval, preferred for editing and streaming compatibility.

VBR

Variable Bitrate

A video encoding mode that allocates more bits to complex scenes and fewer to simple ones for better quality per byte.

DASH

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP

An adaptive streaming standard that breaks video into small HTTP-served segments at multiple quality levels.

HLS

HTTP Live Streaming

An Apple-developed adaptive streaming protocol using .m3u8 playlists and .ts segments, widely supported on the web.

Motion Estimation

Video Motion Estimation

An encoding technique that identifies movement between frames to efficiently compress video using motion vectors.

Video Codec

Software that compresses and decompresses video data (e.g. H.264, H.265/HEVC, VP9, AV1).

Timecode

Video Timecode

A sequence of numeric codes (HH:MM:SS:FF) assigned to each video frame for precise identification and synchronization.

Pillarboxing

Pillarbox Format

Adding black bars to the sides of a video to display 4:3 content in a 16:9 widescreen frame.

Proxy Editing

Proxy Video Editing

Editing with lower-resolution copies of footage for smoother playback, then relinking to the originals for final export.

LUT

Lookup Table

A color transformation preset that maps input color values to output values, used for color grading and correction.

Optical Flow

Optical Flow Interpolation

An AI-based method for generating new frames by analyzing pixel motion between existing frames for smooth slow-motion.

Rec. 2020

ITU-R BT.2020 Color Space

A wide color gamut standard for UHD/4K video, covering 75% of the visible color spectrum versus 36% for Rec. 709.

H.264

Advanced Video Coding (AVC)

The most widely used video codec, balancing compression efficiency with broad hardware and software compatibility.

Letterboxing

Letterbox Format

Adding black bars to the top and bottom of a video to display widescreen content in a narrower frame.

Frame Blending

Video Frame Blending

A technique that creates intermediate frames by blending adjacent frames to smooth slow-motion or speed changes.